[Worldwide experience and recent trends in gene therapy of ischaemic diseases].

Fifteen odd years have passed since the first application of a gene-therapeutic modality in clinical practice for treatment of lower-limb chronic ischaemia. Over this time, vast experience has been gained worldwide, with not less than one thousand patients treated by gene-based therapies, thus making it possible to generalise the published findings of these clinical trials. Resulting from such an analysis, it should be recognized that the least dangerous gene therapeutic modalities available so far are plasmid ones, with the most efficient being those containing the gene of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF(165). The most convincing results were obtained while treating chronic ischemia of the lower extremities, whereas gene-based therapy used for treatment of coronary artery disease failed to have yielded, as of yet, clear cut positive results.

[Classification of the formations from blood vessels of maxillofacial region and neck in children].

Multidisciplinary group of investigators basing upon special literature study, analysis of their own observation (1168 cases) including retrospective for 20 years and with the help of several following methods - clinical, roentgenological, pathomorphological,immunohistochemical - picked out from wide group of the so called hemangiomas 3 types of lesions: hyperplasia, malformation, tumour and suggested their clinical biological classification. To each of lesion types characteristic was given.

Effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells on neuronal survival and formation of a glial scar in the brain of rats with severe traumatic brain injury.

We studied the effect of various methods of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells on neuronal survival in rat brain 1 and 6 weeks after severe traumatic brain injury. It was found that intracerebral and systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves neuronal survival in the piriform cortex of the contralateral hemisphere without affecting neuronal survival in the marginal zone of the traumatic cavity and amygdaloid nuclei. Intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells increases the content of the astroglial component of the scar in the borderline zone of the traumatic cavity.

Alterations of cytological and karyological profile of human mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro culturing.

Transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic approach to the therapy of many diseases. However, the problem of possible alterations of the properties of mesenchymal stem cells during their expansion in in vitro cultures before transplantation is not solved. In our study, one of two hundred examined cultures of mesenchymal stem cell cultures derived from donors without bone marrow pathologies and developed under standard culturing conditions demonstrated spontaneous disturbances in morphology, proliferation, and karyotype at early passages. The cells of this abnormal culture retained immunophenotype characteristic of normal mesenchymal stem cells, but some of them (15-25%) had numerous numerical and structural chromosome aberrations.

[Murine embryonic stem cells as a model object for human embryonic stem cells research].

During several last decades mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) were used as a model object for the research of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). The validity of such approach is still not finally proved. At the same time there is a large amount of literary data available, which gives evidences of many substantial differences between these two cell types. The analysis of the literature has shown that there are differences concerning the regulation of proliferation, self-renewal maintenance, and the regulation of differentiation of ESC. Thus, mESC can be considered as a model object for hESC studies only in some aspects of their biology. The alternative model objects, such as primate ESC, are also briefly discussed in this review.

[Experimental-morphological study of hybrid implantation material integration into bone tissue].

The authors developed new material based upon polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) with nanostructured metal and ceramic coatings. The task was formulated to study integrating potential of different chemical composition surfaces of intraosseous implants using Teflon with the mentioned above coatings as the experimental model. In experiments on rats using histomorphologic criterion there were compared implants from Teflon with Ti-, Ti-Ca-P-C-O-N- and Ti-Ca-Mn-K-C-O-N-coatings and Teflon without coating as the group for reference. It was shown that new experimental implant model based upon Teflon with different nanostructured coatings opened the possibility to profound investigation of interface contact substrate of metal (ceramic) surface with surrounding tissue structures. Optimal results upon the osteointegration criterion were received with Teflon + Ti-Ca-P-C-O-N-coating.

[Corporative culture of stomatological institution appraisal by the questionnaire method].

Multiple processes in economics reflect in management and corporative culture of any institution. Long-term motivational influence plays main role in the motivation mechanism; in turn motives form stable and long-term acting system integrated into corporative culture of any stomatological institution. Integration of the interests of the institution and separate members of the staff becomes the basic condition of the interested attitude to work.

[Morphological description of distraction regenerates in children with congenital and acquired defects and facial skeleton bones hypoplasia].

Results of the morphological study of regenerates received after distraction upper and lower jaws in children were described. It was established that maternal bone and regenerate (retention during 3 months) in children of different age groups varied according to the stage of their structures differentiation; regenerate bone tissue was always less mature than maternal bone irrespective of its localization; lag in differentiation of new growth regenerate bone structures in the group of patients with congenital pathology if compared with the same indicator in the group of children with acquired pathology.

[Experimental-morphologic study of bone tissue reaction to carbon-containing material implantation with initiated X-ray contrast property].

In experimental study on 15 rabbits (chinchilla) influence of titanium plates implanted lapped on adjacent tissues in the region of the lower jaw body (comparison group) and carbon material with added boron in the concentrations of 8 and 15% (the study group) was studied. Results of the experimental-morphological investigation show that carbon-based materials with boron addition (with its content 8 and 15%) did not impede adaptive rebuilding of bone tissues and in particular bone structure regeneration in the process of reactive rebuilding of the "maternal" bone. Moreover, as the result of reactive processes developing in osseous tissues after implantation of the tested materials their successful integration in surrounding tissue structures was detected.

[Effects of blood substitutes of different pharmacological groups and the mode of their injection on the bloodflow of rats]. / Vliianie krovezamenitelei razlichnykh farmakologicheskikh grupp na sostoianie sistemnogo krovotoka u krys pri razlichnykh sposobakh vvedeniia.

Central and peripheral bloodflow before and after intramuscular and intravenous injections of 0.9% NaCl (control groups, n=20) and perfluothane (n=20) in a dose of 5 ml/kg was studied in 40 Wistar rats. Dopplerographic study of the bloodflow was carried out on a diagnostic device Biomedical AU-5 (Italy). The study showed that intramuscular injections of both 0.9% NaCl and perfluothane did not lead to a significant increase of the bloodflow, but perfluothane caused a significantly greater increase of both arterial and venous bloodflow in the injection zone in comparison with the control. Intravenous injection of perfluothane increased significantly the systemic and local bloodflow in comparison with the baseline level and control, while total peripheral resistance was decreased.

[Evolution of tissue structures in the mandible after implantation of plate from polymethylmethacrylate and its compositions with hydroxyapatite]. / Evoliutsiia tkanevykh struktur nizhnei cheliusti pri implantatsii plastin iz polimetilmetakrilata i ego kompozitsii s gidroksiapatitom.

Tissue reactions to active modified composite material were studied in experiments on Chinchilla rabbits. In the first series of experiments plates from composite material were implanted: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates were used in group 1, PMMA composition with hydroxyapatite (HAP) in group 2, and PMMA composition with HAP modified by polyacrylic acid in group 3. The content of HAP in each group was 30% by weight. Implantation of plates from pure PMMA induced atrophic processes with formation of connective tissue capsule at the site of implantation. In the second series of experiments the manifestations of inflammatory reactions in the bone and adjacent tissues, caused by HAP release into tissue, were observed, which were paralleled by activation of bone formation, which sometimes acquired the pattern of a hyperproductive reaction. PMMA/HAP composite modified by chemical bond proved to be the most effective: its implantation caused no manifest pathological reactions and inflammatory infiltration; no intraosseous deposition of crystals were detected. Intensive osteogenesis round the implanted plate was observed.

[Periapical destructive processes of jaw bones and dynamics of osseous tissue recovery after current surgical treatment]. / Periapikal'nye destruktivnye protsessy cheliustnykh kostei i dinamika vosstanovleniia kostnoi tkani posle sovremennykh vidov operativnogo lecheniia.

The paper discusses whether periradical destructive changes can be identified at X-ray study and how long it takes to recovery osseous tissues after surgery for these lesions.

[A rare case of a preauricular fistula]. / Redkoe nabliudenie predushnogo svishcha.

A female patient with a preotic fistula caused by a defect in the development of the first branchial arch is described. Repeated surgeries for lateral fistula of the neck brought no success. The pathogenesis of the defect and difficulties in its diagnosis are discussed; the authors claim that fistulography with contrast agents may be effective. Histologic verification is needed in all the cases.

[Use of biocompatible soluble polymers in reconstructive surgery]. / Primenenie biosovmestimykh rassasyvaiushchikhsia polimerov v vosstanovitelnoi khirurgii.

The paper provides the functional characteristics and results of clinical application of implants based on N-vinylpyrrolidone-butylmethacrylate copolymer to eliminate mandibular bone defect. The implants are indicated to ensure reliable fixation and promote the formation of a valuable osseous regenerate due to their capacity to self-resolve and osteoconductivity. The application of the N-vinylpyrrolidone-butylmethacrylate copolymer-based implants substantially widens the scope of reconstructive surgery.